Explain the following cost of inflation: Fiscal Drag
-Higher inflation means that workers ask for higher salaries to maintain their real wage.
-Higher salaries pull some workers into higher income tax bands.
-These workers therefore pay higher tax in real terms
List the assumptions of a monopoly.
There is a single seller of the good.
High barriers to entry/exit.
Extreme differentiation
Imperfect information
Economies of Scale: why is this a barrier to entry?
Structural barrier- only large incumbent firms will benefit from lower unit costs that come with Economies of Scale.
How is Potential Economic Growth represented in a PPF?
PPF shifts outwards
What is the relationship between the budget/fiscal deficit and the national (public sector) debt?
Generally:
-When the government runs a budget deficit, the national debt increases.
QE: Explain the relationship between bond prices and bond yields.
Bond Price Up → Bond Yields Down
Network Effects: why is this a barrier to entry?
Structural barrier- network effects mean that a larger network is more valuable to any individual user. This means that new, small networks (e.g. social networks) will not be able to compete against larger incumbent networks with more users.
Action that a country's central bank or government can take to influence how much money is in the economy and how much it costs to borrow.
What does a negative power represent?
It gives the reciprocal of the number that it is being applied to.